诗苑｜韦庄《秦妇吟》（李冀宏英译首发）

[唐] 韦庄

By Wei Zhuang

Tr. 李冀宏

一

中和癸卯春三月，洛阳城外花如雪。

东西南北路人绝，绿杨悄悄香尘灭。

路旁忽见如花人，独向绿杨阴下歇。

凤侧鸾欹鬓角斜，红攒黛敛眉心折。

借问女郎何处来？含颦欲语声先咽。

回头敛袂谢行人，丧乱漂沦何堪说！

三年陷贼留秦地，依稀记得秦中事。

君能为妾解金鞍，妾亦与君停玉趾。

1

In March of the third year of Zhonghe Reign as we know,

Outside Luoyang City willow catkins fly like snow.

There are no signs of pedestrians showing on any way,

So green willows standing quietly without dust to stay.

Suddenly seen is a flowerlike woman the roadside by;

Alone she’s in the shade of a green willow tree to back lie.

Her phoenix head-dress is awry, her hair disheveled now,

And she seems to be really sad with the knitted brow.

May I ask the lady, “from whence ye come here afar?”

Sorrowful, she’s chocked with sobs before her words out are.

Turning, she shows me respect by tidying sleeves of her dress,

Saying that she’s wandered here from war chaos as I can guess.

For three years in Chang’an occupied, I’d been left in the plight;

What happened over there is still fresh as if just in my sight.

If you can help me, sir, take the saddles off my horse there,

I’d like to stay for a while with you my sad story to share.

二

前年庚子腊月五，正闭金笼教鹦鹉。

斜开鸾镜懒梳头，闲凭雕栏慵不语。

忽看门外起红尘，已见街中擂金鼓。

居人走出半仓惶，朝士归来尚疑误。

是时西面官军入，拟向潼关为警急。

皆言博野自相持，尽道贼军来未及。

须臾主父乘奔至，下马入门痴似醉。

适逢紫盖去蒙尘，已见白旗来匝地。

扶羸携幼竞相呼，上屋缘墙不知次。

南邻走入北邻藏，东邻走向西邻避。

北邻诸妇咸相凑，户外崩腾如走兽。

轰轰崐崐乾坤动，万马雷声从地涌。

火迸金星上九天，十二官街烟烘烔。

日轮西下寒光白，上帝无言空脉脉。

阴云晕气若重围，宦者流星如血色。

紫气潜随帝座移，妖光暗射台星拆。

家家流血如泉沸，处处冤声声动地。

舞伎歌姬尽暗捐，婴儿稚女皆生弃。

东邻有女眉新画，倾国倾城不知价。

长戈拥得上戎车，回首香闺泪盈把。

旋抽金线学缝旗，才上雕鞍教走马。

有时马上见良人，不敢回眸空泪下。

西邻有女真仙子，一寸横波剪秋水。

妆成只对镜中春，年幼不知门外事。

一夫跳跃上金阶，斜袒半肩欲相耻。

牵衣不肯出朱门，红粉香脂刀下死。

南邻有女不记姓，昨日良媒新纳聘。

琉璃阶上不闻行，翡翠帘间空见影。

忽看庭际刀刃鸣，身首支离在俄顷。

仰天掩面哭一声，女弟女兄同入井。

北邻少妇行相促，旋解云鬟拭眉绿。

已闻击托坏高门，不觉攀缘上重屋。

须臾四面火光来，欲下回梯梯又摧。

烟中大叫犹求救，梁上悬尸已作灰。

妾身幸得全刀锯，不敢踟蹰久回顾。

旋梳蝉鬓逐军行，强展蛾眉出门去。

旧里从兹不得归，六亲自此无寻处。

2

In the morn on December the fifth of gengzi year,

I was engaged teaching to talk my caged parrot dear.

With the dressing case opened, I was in no mood to comb,

Just staying leisurely leaning against the rails at home.

Suddenly, traveling dust was seen to rise outside;

The golden drum was heard to spread far and wide.

People all ran out at a complete loss about their lot;

Officials back from court were unsure of the news they got.

Then from west side troops came into town pressed hard,

Ready to be dispatched to Tongguan Pass on their guard.

All said the royal guards kept the rebels out of each city gate,

So at the moment it’s impossible for them to drive in straight.

Very soon my lord rode back home in a state bad,

Off the horse and through the gate as if drunk or mad.

He said that the emperor had run out of town away

And the rebels’ white flags were flown on every way.

Taking the weak and young, people kept making calls,

All seized with great panic, climbing houses or walls.

The southern neighbors went to northern houses to stay

And neighbors from the east in west houses hidden lay.

Women from the north all gathered together to stay,

Outside noisy movements like animals running away.

The chariots vibrated the earth and sky with a huge sound;

Thousands of horses thundered as if from below the ground.

There were fires with flames and sparks reaching the ninth sky;

All the twelve streets were burning with smoke rising high.

While sinking in the west, the sun had lost all its light;

The God overlooked speechless with everything in sight.

Over the capital dark clouds and mists bearing down,

The Eunuch Stars all showed a bloody color over town.

Moved away with the monarch, the purple air did not stay.

By demon’s secret light, the Three Steps scattered away.

From family to family, blood like spring gushed out;

From place to place, ground trembled with sad cries so loud.

Dancing or singing girls were deserted to enemies

And abandoned alive were male and female babies.

There’s a girl with her brows newly painted in east town,

Whose beauty could cause a city or state to fall down.

She got on a chariot in a long dagger-axe’s power;

Her eyes were full of tears when she looked back at her bower.

Soon she’s compelled to sew a war flag with golden thread,

And she was also forced to learn to ride a horse ahead.

Sometimes when she saw her husband while on horseback,

With her tears rolling in vain, she didn’t dare to look back.

In western town there was a fairy of a girl besides,

Who was very beautiful with attractive ogling eyes.

When dressed up, she enjoyed her spring the mirror inside;

For her young age, she knew naught about affairs outside.

Then a soldier jumped upon her doorsteps with power,

And barebacked, the fair girl he attempted to deflower.

She resisted firm, staying indoors as hard as she tried,

So scent and powder vanished, by the knife the beauty died.

The woman with her surname unknown was from south side;

She had just married her good man as a happy bride.

Along the color-glazed steps she walked without sound;

Through the bead screens her figure’s vaguely seen around.

Then clanked heard was the sword from the yard that day

And soon her head and body in two parts, there she lay.

Heads towards sky, faces covered with hands, her sisters cried,

And then to go with their dear, they both jumped the well inside.

The lass in northern town got ready to flee in no delay

And her jewelry and dressings she immediately put away.

But soon she already heard hard knocks and hits at the gate,

So she climbed up onto the house before it was too late.

Yet soon the house was on fire with flames leaping to attack;

To come down by the ladder, she found it burned with a crack.

In smoke for help she loudly and desperately cried and cried,

But burned into ashes was her poor body the beam beside.

It’s lucky I, a humble woman, was spared from the sword,

So I did not dare to move slow or take a look backward.

I was forced to dress up and the rebel army to follow;

I had to lift my brows with a smile, and then out to go.

Since then on, I was unable to go back to my hometown;

My relatives all, I had to break up with them paying no call.

三

一从陷贼经三载，终日惊忧心胆碎。

夜卧千重剑戟围，朝餐一味人肝脍。

鸳帷纵入岂成欢？宝货虽多非所爱。

蓬头垢面眉犹赤，几转横波看不得。

衣裳颠倒言语异，面上夸功雕作字。

柏台多士尽狐精，兰省诸郎皆鼠魅。

还将短发戴华簪，不脱朝衣缠绣被。

翻持象笏作三公，倒佩金鱼为两史。

朝闻奏对入朝堂，暮见喧呼来酒市。

一朝五鼓人惊起，呼啸喧争如窃语。

夜来探马入皇城，昨日官军收赤水。

赤水去城一百里，朝若来兮暮应至。

凶徒马上暗吞声，女伴闺中潜生喜。

皆言冤愤此时销，必谓妖徒今日死。

逡巡走马传声急，又道官军全阵入。

大彭小彭相顾忧，二郎四郎抱鞍泣。

沉沉数日无消息，必谓军前已衔璧。

簸旗掉剑却来归，又道官军悉败绩。

四面从兹多厄束，一斗黄金一升粟。

尚让厨中食木皮，黄巢机上刲人肉。

东南断绝无粮道，沟壑渐平人渐少。

六军门外倚僵尸，七架营中填饿殍。

长安寂寂今何有，废市荒街麦苗秀。

采樵斫尽杏园花，修寨诛残御沟柳。

华轩绣毂皆销散，甲第朱门无一半。

含元殿上狐兔行，花萼楼前荆棘满。

昔日繁盛皆埋没，举目凄凉无故物。

内库烧为锦绣灰，天街踏尽公卿骨。

3

Since I fell into the rebels’ hands three years had passed so;

All day long I was heartbroken to live in fear and sorrow.

At night I slept with so many spears and swords around;

In the morning in what I ate human liver was found.

Sleeping with a rebel soldier, as happy how could I see?

A life with robbed riches was never what enjoyed by me.

Unkempt and dirty, my man was a typical Red Eyebrow;

Many looks at him made his image an eyesore to me now.

Improperly dressed, the rebel army spoke dialects foreign;

To show off merits, they’d faces tattooed with words, so boring.

In the Censorate Office fox spirits were found to fill all posts,

And the Secretariat Office was full of monsters and ghosts.

They wore exquisite hair clasps when their hair was not yet long;

To sleep, they covered them with quilts, not taking off court gown.

Being key courtiers, their tablets they didn’t know how to hold;

As high officials, they wore upside down fish ornaments gold. 

In the morning, to report their proposals they went to court;

In the evening, so noisily they drank at bars pot after pot.

People all rose from sleep with start at daybreak one morning;

With a hubbub of voices they were whispering and talking.

Last night a mounted scout entered the capital to report

The royal troops Chishui Town recovered yesterday had got.

The town from Chang’an being one hundred li away,

If they set off in morn, in eve here they’d be able to stay.

At the news quietly crestfallen were all the bandits on horses;

Indoors the looted ladies all aired their joy in lowered voices.

They all asked their insult be avenged, which their hearts filled,

All demanding that day the gangsters should be surely killed.

Then after some time, a soldier galloping a horse to report

That arrived in the capital the royal troops had already got.

Senior and junior Pengs, generals under Huang were worried;

The Huang Chao brothers cried on horses which away hurried.

To all’s despair, without any news several days were gone;

All thought arms rebels headed by Huang had put down.

But by flying flags and wielding swords, they came back to fight,

Saying the royal troops were defeated with weakened might.

As Chang’an was surrounded, rebels’ grain supply was shut up,

Therefore the grain prices in town were dear as gold going up.

In Shang Rang’s kitchen there were only tree barks to eat;

On Huang Chao’s table there’s nothing served but human meat. 

The way to transport grains was cut off from the southeast side,

So the population dwindled with vales full of bodies inside.

Outside military camps starved civilians’ corpses lay around,

And inside camps soldiers died of hunger with bodies on ground.

In the great chaos of war what was left in Chang’an quiet so?

In the deserted streets and markets wheat seedlings did grow.

Trees in the apricot garden were all chopped up as firewood;

Willows along the royal stream axed make camps as soldiers would.

All the fine houses, embroideries, silks and satins were gone,

Half of the rich mansions behind red gates getting tumbledown.

Within Hanyuan Hall only foxes and hares were seen going;

Before HuaE Tower naught but thorns and thistles were growing.

The former prosperity had totally disappeared on the ground;

All looked dreary and the olden scenes could no longer be found.

Treasures in royal storehouses were burned into ashes so much;

Walking on Heavenly Street, noblemen’s bones one might touch.

四

来时晓出城东陌，城外风烟如塞色。

路旁时见游奕军，坡下寂无迎送客。

霸陵东望人烟绝，树锁骊山金翠灭。

大道俱成棘子林，行人夜宿墙匡月。

明朝晓至三峰路，百万人家无一户。

破落田园但有蒿，摧残竹树皆无主。

路旁试问金天神，金天无语愁于人。

庙前古柏有残枿，殿上金炉生暗尘。

一从狂寇陷中国，天地晦暝风雨黑。

案前神水咒不成，壁上阴兵驱不得。

闲日徒歆奠飨恩，危时不助神通力。

我今愧恧拙为神，且向山中深避匿。

寰中箫管不曾闻，筵上牺牲无处觅。

旋教魇鬼傍乡村，诛剥生灵过朝夕。

妾闻此语愁更愁，天遣时灾非自由。

神在山中犹避难，何须责望东诸侯！

前日又出杨震关，举头云际见荆山。

如从地府到人间，顿觉时清天地闲。

陕州主帅忠且贞，不动干戈唯守城。

蒲津主帅能戢兵，千里晏然无戈声。

朝携宝货无人问，夜插金钗唯独行。

明朝又过新安东，路上乞浆逢一翁。

苍苍面带苔藓色，隐隐身藏蓬荻中。

问翁本是何乡曲？底事寒天霜露宿？

老翁暂起欲陈辞，却坐支颐仰天哭。

乡园本贯东畿县，岁岁耕桑临近甸。

岁种良田二百廛，年输户税三千万。

小姑惯织褐袍，中妇能炊红黍饭。

千间仓兮万丝箱，黄巢过后犹残半。

自从洛下屯师旅，日夜巡兵入村坞。

匣中秋水拔青蛇，旗上高风吹白虎。

入门下马若旋风，罄室倾囊如卷土。

家财既尽骨肉离，今日垂年一身苦。

一身苦兮何足嗟，山中更有千万家。

朝饥山上寻蓬子，夜宿霜中卧荻花。

妾闻此老伤心语，竟日阑干泪如雨。

出门唯见乱枭鸣，更欲东奔何处所？

仍闻汴路舟车绝，又道彭门自相杀。

野色徒销战士魂，河津半是冤人血。

4

I walked out of the eastern gate in the morning that day,

The scene outside the city just like that of border I’d say.

Along the roadside one often met soldiers patrolling;

Downslope there were no people seeing friends off going.

Looking east at Ba Mausoleum, you couldn’t see human signs;

Around Mount Li golden halls vanished, though still with pines.

The former main road’s filled with thorns and bushes in sight,

And travelers stayed at the foot of moonlit broken walls at night.

At dawn next morning, the way to Mount Hua I reached,

The villages in ruins with population greatly decreased.

The fields and gardens there were overgrown with weeds;

No people would take care of ruined bamboos and trees.

Passing the temple, I went in to worship God Mount Hua.

The speechless god seemed to say, “I’m sadder than you are”.

Before the temple old cypresses with only stumps remained;

Inside the golden incense burner, full of dust, was so stained.

“Since the rebellion headed by Huang Chao began on Central Plains,

Murky heavens shrouded dark earth with wild winds and black rains.

The divine water on the table with incantation shows no power;

The ghost troops on walls can’t save people at the present hour.

In normal times I enjoy people’s worships and offerings in vain,

But at critical moment, to help them out of trouble I can’t strain.

As a god, I’m ashamed for I can’t save people with my power,

So I have to hide myself in the deep mountain at this hour.

But in my temple it’s a long time since I heard music last played,

And on the table of the temple no more sacrifices are laid.

Thus helpless, I have to dispatch ghosts to the villages nearby

To catch men as offerings so my life has means on which I rely.”

Hearing what has been said by the god, I have more sorrow.

As disasters fall from Heaven, both god and men helpless go.

Since even the god has to seek refuge in the deep mountain,

Against generals with troops in the east why should we complain?

On the day before yesterday I went out of the Pass Tongguan;

Raising my head, I saw far away the clouded Mount Jingshan.

I feel as if I came up to the world from the underground hell,

As it’s peaceful and leisurely, the place administered so well.

The chief general of Shanzhou had a loyal steadfast heart,

Never using troops for war, just defending the city on guard.

The general in chief of Pujin disciplined his soldiers so well,

So for hundreds of li there’s no clanking of arms I can tell.

Early in the morn, men carried money without being stopped;

Late in the eve, ladies wore gold pins without being robbed.

The next morn, the east skirts of Xin’an was passed by me;

There I met an old man, whom I asked for a cup of tea.

Being haggard, he had a face which was as green as moss.

He was found hidden among reed catkins being at a loss.

I asked the old man about where was his hometown

And why he spent nights outdoors in frost feeling down.

The old man tried to stand up, seeming to tell me his tale,

But then sat down again, holding his skyward head to wail.

He told me he was from Dongji County as a native guy,

And every year he farmed and raised silkworms nearby;

And he yearly farmed five hundred mu of fertile land,

Which produced three thousand taels of silver he’d in hand.

At home girls could weave satin with which gowns to sew

And middle-aged women could cook meals delicious so.

“We had hundreds of barns with thousand bags of grains,

But after the rebels passed only half was left as remains.

Since official troops came from Luoyang stationed in sight,

Their patrols came to the village to harass us day and night.

Like a snake from autumn water, they wielded the sword high;

With violent wind blowing, their white-tiger flags would fly.

Off horse to attack us like a whirlwind, they left us at bay,

And they plundered us like a mat rolling everything away.

My riches are gone and my dear ones separated from me.

Now getting aged, alone I’m living in the bitterness sea.

My own suffering and sorrow are not worthwhile to sigh,

There hidden deep in mountains thousands of families lie.

In day when hungry, I go picking berries in mountains deep;

At night against frost, on my bed of reed catkins I will sleep”.

I have heard the elder’s life story, which breaks my heart;

With tears rolling down like rain, I cry all day so hard.

When out, I see no humans but crying owls on the tree.

I’d like to travel further east, but where, no one tells me.

I’ve just heard the way to Kaifeng has already broken down

And there has been an internal strife in Pengcheng Town.

The wilds are covered with soldiers’ bodies fighting till dead,

And fighters’ blood flows into the river, half of which is red.

五

适闻有客金陵至，见说江南风景异。

自从大寇犯中原，戎马不曾生四鄙。

诛锄窃盗若神功，惠爱生灵如赤子。

城壕固护教金汤，赋税如云送军垒。

奈何四海尽滔滔，湛然一境平如砥。

避难徒为阙下人，怀安却羡江南鬼。

愿君举棹东复东，咏此长歌献相公。

 5

It so happens that there is a traveler from Jinling saying

The situation in South is different to people there staying.

Since the invasion of Central Plains by rebels’ bloody hand,

Fire and sword have never touched the peaceful Southland.

To get rid of bandits, chiefs there seem to have magic power;

They love people as their kids, who enjoy their favor’s shower.

The city defenses are strongly fortified as solid as rock;

The tax money to support the army is plentiful in stock.

All the other places are left in disorder like flooding water;

Only Southland remains smooth and peaceful like a mirror.

Though from Capital, to seek refuge abroad I am far away;

For safety, I really envy being a southern ghost today.

I hope you can sail east all the way rowing a faster oar,

So you’ll recite the long ballad to gentlemen on south shore.

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